Lesson 14 Types of Nouns in Thai (ประเภทของคำนามในภาษาไทย)

 

Types of Nouns in Thai

       Nouns are words that are names for people, animals, things, and general behavior. It is divided into 5 types as follows.

1. Common noun

    The common noun that are common names for people, animals, and things, such as ปลา (Plaa), โต๊ะ (Toh), มือ (Meu).

2. Proper noun

    The proper noun that is unique nouns  It is set up for people, animals, things, and places in order to specify who or what, such as สนามบินดอนเมือง (Sa-Naam-Bin-Dorn-Meuang), วัดพระแก้ว (Wat-Phr- Gaew).

3. Collective noun

    The collective noun that is noun characterizes the people, animals, and things that make up a group, such as คณะ (Kha-Na), หมู่ (Moo), เหล่า (Leow)

4. Numerative noun

    The numerative noun that is noun characterizes things and is used to denote numbers such as ตัว (Tua), ชิ้น (Chin), อัน (Aun), แผ่น (Phaen), แท่ง (Taeng), ผืน (Pheun)

5. Gerund 

    Gerund that is noun indicates symptoms  Or various appearances of people, animals, things derived from verbs  Or adverb  It is a compound word that is often preceded by the word "การ" or "ความ" and is a total combination, such as การกิน (Gaan-Gin), การอยู่ (Gaan-Oroo), การเรียน (Gaan-Rian), ความสุข (Khwaam-Soog), ความตาย (Khwaam-Tay), ความรัก (Khrwaam-Rag).

Lesson 13 The Syllable (พยางค์ Pha Yaang)

 

The syllable

    

    A syllable is the part of the phonemes that contain A single vowel that has or been meaningless. One syllable has a compound as follows:

    1. Consonants + Vowels + Tonal syllables of this type are called 3 parts mixes, for example, "ตา (Taa), ดี (Dee), ไป (Pai)

    2. Consonants + Vowels + Tonal + Spelling, for example, "คน (Kon), กิน (Gin), ข้าว (Khao) " or Consonants + Vowels + Tonal +  Orthography, for example, เล์ห์ (Lay), โล่ห์ (Lo)  these two types of syllables are called 4-part mixes.

    3. Consonants + Vowels + Tonal + Spelling +  Orthography, for example, แพทย์ (Phaed), รักษ์(Rug) , สิทธิ์ (Sit)  this kind of syllable is called 5-part mixes.

    As follows, you can see that Each syllable There must be at least three compound components: consonants, vowels, and tonal. There must be a mixture of five components: consonants, vowels, tonal and orthography.

Lesson 12 Orthography (ตัวการันต์ Tua Gaa Run)

Orthography (Tua Gaa Run)

        The orthography is a letter that is not pronounced. And with a checkered plate above To show that the sound is forced until another syllable is added to the back, such as ทุกข์ (Thoog), สงฆ์ (Song), โอษฐ์ (Aod) , ทันต์ (Thun)

        As usual, the orthography has the same sound as other syllables. And most of them are from Pali Sanskrit and English. Which is a language that is popularly used with syllables But the Thai language is an alone word. Commonly used as a single syllable When using the words Pali and Sanskrit Must, therefore, reduce the syllables of words In order to comply with the regulations of the Thai language If cutting off the consonants, they will degrade the vocabulary. Must remain the same to maintain the vocabulary But with the use of a forced wood mark So that the consonant won't be pronounced And the syllable using the forced checker must be a syllable with a low tone Therefore having to use short vowels without spelling Including 3 short vowels which are ะ , ิ ,

                                                        วงศ์            อินทร์            deformed ะ

                                                        ฤทธิ์            สฤษฎิ์           deformed ิ

                                                        พันธุ์            พัสดุ์             deformed ุ

    In general, the Thai word has no orthography. Because it is an alone word that has few syllables already And whether the orthography has either a vowel or none.

    The orthography and wooden markers are different. The orthography means characters that do not need to be pronounced. Which is normally arranged at the end of the sentence The wasteland refers to the symbol (L) which is written on the orthography. Forcing the consonant to not issue that consonant.

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Lesson 11 Aug Sorn Hun (อักษรหัน)

Aug Sorn Hun

    Aug Sorn Hun are consonants that convert from "ะ" to consonants that are shaped like spelling But acts instead of -ัน (Aun) and must be placed in front of the same spelling picture, so-called "Aug Sorn Hun". This style can be found in ancient books, as in the example

                                กกก     =     กัก    (Gug)

                                ขงง     =     ขัง    (Khung)

                                มนน     =     มัน    (Mun)

                                จดด     =     จัด    (Jud)

                                พบบ    =     พับ    (Phub)

                                ธมม     =     ธัม    (Thum)

But nowadays, only the popular "รร (Ror Hun)" It has the following characteristics

                                ธรรม    (Thum)

                                กรรม    (Gum)

                                สรร       (Sun)

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Lesson 10 How to use vowels

How to use vowels

    There are 5 ways to use vowels in summary.

            1. Stable form

                    Meaning that the form must be clearly written such as กะบะ (Ga Ba), กะปิ (Ga Pi)

            2. Reduce form

                    Meaning that you don't have to write vowels to appear or appear only partially But must pronounce to match the reduced vowel form, there are 2 types as follows 

                    2.2 Reduce all

                                น (Nor)        +     โ-ะ (oh,o)         +     ก (Gor)    =    นก (Nog)

                                ม (Mor)       +      โ-ะ (oh,o)       +     ด (Dor)     =    มด (Mod)

                                ก (Gor)        +     -อ (aw, or)       +     ร (Ror)     =    กร (Gorn)

                                จ (Jor)          +     -อ (aw, or)       +     ร (Ror)     =    จร (Jorn)

                    2.3 Partially reduced

                        Meaning that the vowel cannot be completely reduced. Leaving only some parts of the form full enough as a mark to notice that it is not the same as other forms as follows

                                ก (Gor)      +      เ-อ (er,oe)           +     ย (Yor)     =    เกย (Goey)

                                ก (Gor)      +     -ัว (aw, or)           +     น (Nor)     =    กวน (Gawn)

            3. Transform

                        Meaning that to convert the original form to change into another form as follows

    

                                ก (Gor)        +     -ะ (a)                     +     น (Nor)           =    กัน (Gan)

                                ก (Gor)       +      เ-ะ (ay)                  +    ง (Ngor)           =    เก็ง (Geng)

                                ข (Khor)      +    แ-ะ (ae)                  +     ง (Ngor)          =    แข็ง (Khaeng)

                                ด (Dor)        +     เ-อ (er, oe, ur)      +     น (Nor)            =    เดิน (Durn)

            4. Cut form

                    Meaning that  to cut the vowels  " ะ " that are the front vowels of the words that come from Pali and Sanskrit And do not have to pronounce the vowel cut (Meaning both images and sounds) as follows

                           อนุช (Anooch) - นุช (Nooch)             อดิเรก (Adireg) - ดิเรก (Direg)

     

            5. Fill form

                     Meaning that  to add form in addition to those already existing

                                ม (Khor)      +    -ึ (eu)      add     อ (Or)          =    มือ (Meu)

                                ค (Dor)        +    -ึ (eu)      add     อ (Or)          =    คือ (Keu)

Lesson 9 Rules of conjoining 3 groups consonants (วิธีผันอักษร 3 หมู่)

Rules of conjoining 3 groups consonants

        3 groups consonants in Thai called "ไตรยางค์ (Trai Yang)". Used for conjugation with tonal forms as follow; 

        1. High-level consonants     (11 consonants such as ข  ฃ  ฉ  ฐ  ถ  ผ  ฝ  ศ  ษ  ส  ห)

Used for conjugation with   ่    ้  

A live syllable can conjugate 3 words and a dead syllable can conjugate 2 words as follows

live syllable     (the sound floor is a rising tone or  ๋ )        ขา    ขง    ขน    ขม    เขย    ขาว

                        conjugate   ่  is  low tone                            ข่า    ข่ง    ข่น    ข่ม    เข่ย    ข่าว

                        conjugate   ้  is  falling tone                        ข้า    ข้ง    ข้น    ข้ม    เข้ย    ข้าว

dead syllable    (the sound floor is a low tone or  ่ )            ขะ  ขก  ขด  ขบ  ขาก  ขาด  ขาบ

                        conjugate   ้  is  falling tone                        ข้ะ  ข้ก  ข้ด  ข้บ  ข้าก  ข้าด  ข้าบ

        2. Middle-level consonants     (9 consonants such as ก  จ  ฎ  ฏ  ด  ต  บ  ป  อ)

Used for conjugation with   ่    ้   ๊  ๋

A live syllable can conjugate 5 words and a dead syllable can conjugate 4 words as follows

live syllable     (the sound floor is a mid-tone)                กา  กง  กน  กม  เกย  กาว

                        conjugate   ่  is  low tone                          ก่า  ก่ง  ก่น  ก่ม  เก่ย  ก่าว

                        conjugate   ้  is  falling tone                      ก้า  ก้ง  ก้น  ก้ม  เก้ย  ก้าว

                        conjugate   ๊  is  high tone                         ก๊า  ก๊ง  ก๊น  ก๊ม  เก๊ย  ก๊าว

                        conjugate   ๋  is  rising tone                       ก๋า  ก๋ง  ก๋น  ก๋ม  เก๋ย  ก๋าว

dead syllable    (the sound floor is a low tone or  ่ )        กะ  กก  กด  กบ  กาก  กาด  กาบ

                        conjugate   ้  is  falling tone                     ก้ะ  ก้ก  ก้ด  ก้บ  ก้าก  ก้าด  ก้าบ

                        conjugate   ๊  is  high tone                        ก๊ะ  ก๊ก  ก๊ด  ก๊บ  ก๊าก  ก๊าด  ก๊าบ

                        conjugate   ๋  is  rising tone                      ก๋ะ  ก๋ก  ก๋ด  ก๋บ  ก๋าก  ก๋าด  ก๋าบ

        3. Low-level consonants    (24 consonants such as ค  ฅ  ฆ  ง  ช  ซ  ฌ  ญ  ฑ  ฒ  ณ  ท

ธ  น  พ  ฟ  ภ  ม  ย  ร  ล  ว  ฬ  ฮ )

Used for conjugation with   ่    ้    ๋

A live syllable can conjugate 3 words and a dead syllable can conjugate 3 words as follows

live syllable     (the sound floor is a mid-tone)             คา  คง  คน  คม  เคย  คาว

                        conjugate   ่  is   ้  falling tone               ค่า  ค่ง  ค่น  ค่ม  เค่ย  ค่าว

                        conjugate   ้  is    ๊  high tone                  ค้า  ค้ง  ค้น  ค้ม  เค้ย  ค้าว

dead syllable  (Short vowels)  

                        (the sound floor is a high tone or  ๊ )     คะ  คก  คด  คบ   

                        conjugate   ่  is   ้  falling tone               ค่ะ  ค่ก  ค่ด  ค่บ   

                        conjugate   ๋  is  ๋   rising tone                ค๋ะ  ค๋ก  ค๋ด  ค๋บ   

dead syllable  (Long vowels)  

                        (the sound floor is a high tone or  ๊ )    คาก  คาด  คาบ

                        conjugate   ้  is    ๊  high tone                ค้าก  ค้าด  ค้าบ

                        conjugate   ๋  is  ๋   rising tone                ค๋าก  ค๋าด  ค๋าบ

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Lesson 8 Practice writing Thai Tone Marks

Practice writing Thai Tone Marks

You can save this picture for practicing writing Thai Tone Marks. Totals are 4 symbols.

Lesson 7 Practice writing Thai Vowels

Practice writing Thai Vowels

     
        You can save these pictures for practicing writing Thai Vowels. Totals are 32 Vowels.

Lesson 6 Practice writing Thai Consonants and Thai Numbers

Practice writing Thai Consonants and Thai Numbers

       
        You can save these pictures for practicing writing Thai Consonants and Thai Numbers.

Lesson 5 Live syllable & Dead syllable (คำเป็นคำตาย)

Live syllable & Dead syllable

    The syllables that appear in various mothers There are both long and short accents. Some syllables are Live syllables. Some syllables are Dead syllables. With the following observable principles.

    
    Live syllables are the syllable that is mixed with a long vowel in Mae Gor Gaa and the syllable with the spelling in Mae Gon, Gong, Goey, Gom, which is mixed with -ำ, -ใ, -ไ, เ-า, which is a short vowel, also counted as words Because the accent is pronounced with a consonant "ม, ย, ว" with a letter that is spelled as in the example ตา (Taa), ส้ม (Som), นั่ง (Nang)

    
    Dead syllables are the syllables that are mixed with a short vowel in Mae Kok (except for the short 4 vowels are -ำ, -ใ, -ไ, เ-า,) and the syllable with the spelling in Mae Gok, God, Gob pressing the frog as in the example นก (Nok), จะ (Jaa), ซบ (Sob)

Lesson 4 Spelling section in the Thai language

Spelling section in the Thai language

In the Thai language, aside from consonants, vowels, and tones There are also spelling clauses in order to create more diverse words. The section is a prototype giving children the alphabet according to the category of words with spelling. Or pronunciation only, divided into 8 sections or 8 mothers as follows

1. Section Gon. Or Mae Gon

This is a syllable with a spelling "น" or other characters that acts like a spelling "น", namely “น, ญ, ณ. ร, ล,ฬ” for example บ้าน (Baan), จาน (Jaan), เรือน (Reuan)

2. Section Gong. Or Mae Gong

This is a syllable with a spelling "ง" for example ฟอง (Forng), เปลือง (Pleuang)

3. Section Gok. Or Mae Gok

This is a syllable with a spelling "ก" or other characters that acts like a spelling "ก", namely “ก, ข, ค, ฆ” for example เชือก (Cheuag), เลือก (Leuag)

4. Section God Or Mae God

This is a syllable with a spelling "ด" or other characters that acts like a spelling "ด", namely “ด, จ, ฉ, ช, ซ, ฌ, ฎ, ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ต, ถ, ท, ธ, ศ, ษ, ส” for example ขวด (Khuad), ดอก (Dorg)

5. Section Gob. Or Mae Gob

This is a syllable with a spelling "บ" or other characters that acts like a spelling "บ", namely “บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ” for example เก็บ (Gay), กบ (Gob), กับ (Gab)

6. Section Gom. Or Mae Gom

This is a syllable with a spelling "ม" for example จาม (Jaam), เยี่ยม (Yiam)

7. Section Goey. Or Mae Goey

This is a syllable with a spelling "ย" and "ว" for example แก้ว (Gaew)，เขย (Khoey)

8. Section Gor Gaa. Or Mae Gor Gaa

This is a syllable that doesn't contain spelling for example กา (Gaa), เกาะ (Gaw)